Test claims
Determine whether a treatment truly works or the result is just chance.
Dental research
Compare fluoride treatments, evaluate new materials, assess therapies.
Make decisions
Use p-values and significance levels to draw reliable conclusions.
Click any card to explore with interactive examples.
Choose a dental scenario and watch the full testing process step-by-step.
Drag the slider and see how p-value interpretation changes in real time.
Click each cell to see dental examples. Understand how decisions can go wrong.
Run a simulated clinical trial and watch every step of the hypothesis testing process.
| Concept | Symbol | Meaning | Common Values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Null Hypothesis | H₀ | No effect or difference exists | - |
| Alternative Hypothesis | H₁ | A real effect or difference exists | - |
| Significance Level | α | Max acceptable probability of Type I error | 0.05, 0.01, 0.001 |
| P-value | p | Probability of data given H₀ is true | p < 0.05 = significant |
| Type I Error | α | Rejecting a true H₀ (false positive) | 5% when α = 0.05 |
| Type II Error | β | Failing to reject a false H₀ (false negative) | 20% when Power = 0.80 |
| Statistical Power | 1 - β | Probability of detecting a real effect | 0.80, 0.90 |
Always report
Effect size + p-value + confidence intervals for transparent research.
Sample size matters
Small samples reduce power. Plan adequate n before your study.
Not proof
Failing to reject H₀ does not prove it true — only insufficient evidence.